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Ruslan Ermilov

2004-07-02 21:45:06 +00:00

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commit 9806e23132

37 changed files with 1147 additions and 584 deletions

sbin/atacontrol/atacontrol.8

+1 -1

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 Detach an ATA
 .Ar channel .
 Devices on the channel are removed from the kernel,
-and all outstanding transfers etc. are returned back to the system marked
+and all outstanding transfers etc.\& are returned back to the system marked
 as failed.
 .It Ic reinit
 Reinitialize an ATA

sbin/atm/fore_dnld/fore_dnld.8

+2 -1

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 .El
 .Sh NOTES
 For the PCA200E adapter, if no file is specified on the command
-line a built-in copy of version 4.1.12 microcode is used. When the
+line a built-in copy of version 4.1.12 microcode is used.
+When the
 option
 .Fl 3
 is specified version 3.0.1 microcode is used instead.

sbin/badsect/badsect.8

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 .Sh DESCRIPTION
 The
 .Nm
-utility makes a file to contain a bad sector.  Normally, bad sectors
+utility makes a file to contain a bad sector.
+Normally, bad sectors
 are made inaccessible by the standard formatter, which provides
 a forwarding table for bad sectors to the driver.
 If a driver supports the bad blocking standard it is much preferable to
 Then change back to the root directory, unmount the file system
 and run
 .Xr fsck 8
-on the file system.  The bad sectors should show up in two files
+on the file system.
-or in the bad sector files and the free list.  Have
+The bad sectors should show up in two files
+or in the bad sector files and the free list.
+Have
 .Xr fsck 8
 remove files containing the offending bad sectors, but
 .Em do not

sbin/camcontrol/camcontrol.8

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 The
 .Nm
 utility
-can cause a loss of data and/or system crashes if used improperly.  Even
+can cause a loss of data and/or system crashes if used improperly.
+Even
 expert users are encouraged to exercise caution when using this command.
 Novice users should stay away from this utility.
 .Pp
 The
 .Nm
 utility has a number of primary functions, many of which support an optional
-device identifier.  A device identifier can take one of three forms:
+device identifier.
+A device identifier can take one of three forms:
 .Bl -tag -width 14n
 .It deviceUNIT
 Specify a device name and unit number combination, like "da5" or "cd3".
-Note that character device node names (e.g. /dev/da0) are
+Note that character device node names (e.g.\& /dev/da0) are
 .Em not
 allowed here.
 .It bus:target
-Specify a bus number and target id.  The bus number can be determined from
+Specify a bus number and target id.
+The bus number can be determined from
 the output of
 .Dq camcontrol devlist .
 The lun defaults to 0.
 .It bus:target:lun
-Specify the bus, target and lun for a device.  (e.g. 1:2:0)
+Specify the bus, target and lun for a device.
+(e.g.\& 1:2:0)
 .El
 .Pp
 The device identifier, if it is specified,
 .Em must
 come immediately after the function name, and before any generic or
-function-specific arguments.  Note that the
+function-specific arguments.
+Note that the
 .Fl n
 and
 .Fl u
 arguments described below will override any device name or unit number
-specified beforehand.  The
+specified beforehand.
+The
 .Fl n
 and
 .Fl u
 primary functions support these generic arguments:
 .Bl -tag -width 14n
 .It Fl C Ar count
-SCSI command retry count.  In order for this to work, error recovery
+SCSI command retry count.
+In order for this to work, error recovery
 .Pq Fl E
 must be turned on.
 .It Fl E
 Instruct the kernel to perform generic SCSI error recovery for the given
-command.  This is needed in order for the retry count
+command.
+This is needed in order for the retry count
 .Pq Fl C
-to be honored.  Other than retrying commands, the generic error recovery in
+to be honored.
+Other than retrying commands, the generic error recovery in
 the code will generally attempt to spin up drives that are not spinning.
 It may take some other actions, depending upon the sense code returned from
 the command.
 .It Fl n Ar dev_name
-Specify the device type to operate on, e.g. "da", "cd".
+Specify the device type to operate on, e.g.\& "da", "cd".
 .It Fl t Ar timeout
-SCSI command timeout in seconds.  This overrides the default timeout for
+SCSI command timeout in seconds.
+This overrides the default timeout for
 any given command.
 .It Fl u Ar unit_number
-Specify the device unit number, e.g. "1", "5".
+Specify the device unit number, e.g.\& "1", "5".
 .It Fl v
 Be verbose, print out sense information for failed SCSI commands.
 .El
 .Nm
 utility will report whether the device is ready or not.
 .It Ic inquiry
-Send a SCSI inquiry command (0x12) to a device.  By default,
+Send a SCSI inquiry command (0x12) to a device.
+By default,
 .Nm
 will print out the standard inquiry data, device serial number, and
-transfer rate information.  The user can specify that only certain types of
+transfer rate information.
+The user can specify that only certain types of
 inquiry data be printed:
 .Bl -tag -width 4n
 .It Fl D
 Get the standard inquiry data.
 .It Fl S
-Print out the serial number.  If this flag is the only one specified,
+Print out the serial number.
+If this flag is the only one specified,
 .Nm
 will not print out "Serial Number" before the value returned by the drive.
 This is to aid in script writing.
 Tell the kernel to scan all busses in the system (with the
 .Ar all
 argument), the given bus (XPT_SCAN_BUS), or bus:target:lun
-(XPT_SCAN_LUN) for new devices or devices that have gone away.  The user
+(XPT_SCAN_LUN) for new devices or devices that have gone away.
-may specify a scan of all busses, a single bus, or a lun.  Scanning all luns
+The user
+may specify a scan of all busses, a single bus, or a lun.
+Scanning all luns
 on a target isn't supported.
 .It Ic reset
 Tell the kernel to reset all busses in the system (with the
 .Em bfi ,
 to print out the list in bytes from index format, and
 .Em phys ,
-to print out the list in physical sector format.  The format argument is
+to print out the list in physical sector format.
-required.  Most drives support the physical sector format.  Some drives
+The format argument is
-support the logical block format.  Many drives, if they don't support the
+required.
+Most drives support the physical sector format.
+Some drives
+support the logical block format.
+Many drives, if they don't support the
 requested format, return the data in an alternate format, along with sense
 information indicating that the requested data format isn't supported.
 The
 .Nm
 will probably see the error as a failure to complete the request.
 .It Fl G
-Print out the grown defect list.  This is a list of bad blocks that have
+Print out the grown defect list.
+This is a list of bad blocks that have
 been remapped since the disk left the factory.
 .It Fl P
 Print out the primary defect list.
 will print out the number of defects given in the READ DEFECT DATA header
 returned from the drive.
 .It Ic modepage
-Allows the user to display and optionally edit a SCSI mode page.  The mode
+Allows the user to display and optionally edit a SCSI mode page.
+The mode
 page formats are located in
 .Pa /usr/share/misc/scsi_modes .
 This can be overridden by specifying a different file in the
 .It Fl b
 Displays mode page data in binary format.
 .It Fl e
-This flag allows the user to edit values in the mode page.  The user may
+This flag allows the user to edit values in the mode page.
+The user may
 either edit mode page values with the text editor pointed to by his
 .Ev EDITOR
 environment variable, or supply mode page values via standard input, using
 the same format that
 .Nm
-uses to display mode page values.  The editor will be invoked if
+uses to display mode page values.
+The editor will be invoked if
 .Nm
 detects that standard input is terminal.
 .It Fl l
 Lists all available mode pages.
 .It Fl m Ar mode_page
 This specifies the number of the mode page the user would like to view
-and/or edit.  This argument is mandatory unless
+and/or edit.
+This argument is mandatory unless
 .Fl l
 is specified.
 .It Fl P Ar pgctl
-This allows the user to specify the page control field.  Possible values are:
+This allows the user to specify the page control field.
+Possible values are:
 .Bl -tag -width xxx -compact
 .It 0
 Current values
 .Ic cmd
 function requires the
 .Fl c
-argument to specify the CDB.  Other arguments are optional, depending on
+argument to specify the CDB.
-the command type.  The command and data specification syntax is documented
+Other arguments are optional, depending on
+the command type.
+The command and data specification syntax is documented
 in
 .Xr cam_cdbparse 3 .
 NOTE:  If the CDB specified causes data to be transfered to or from the
 .Fl o .
 .Bl -tag -width 17n
 .It Fl c Ar cmd Op args
-This specifies the SCSI CDB.  CDBs may be 6, 10, 12 or 16 bytes.
+This specifies the SCSI CDB.
+CDBs may be 6, 10, 12 or 16 bytes.
 .It Fl i Ar len Ar fmt
 This specifies the amount of data to read, and how it should be displayed.
 If the format is
 bytes of data will be read from the device and written to standard output.
 .It Fl o Ar len Ar fmt Op args
 This specifies the amount of data to be written to a device, and the data
-that is to be written.  If the format is
+that is to be written.
+If the format is
 .Sq - ,
 .Ar len
 bytes of data will be read from standard input and written to the device.
 .El
 .It Ic debug
-Turn on CAM debugging printfs in the kernel.  This requires options CAMDEBUG
+Turn on CAM debugging printfs in the kernel.
-in your kernel config file.  WARNING:  enabling debugging printfs currently
+This requires options CAMDEBUG
-causes an EXTREME number of kernel printfs.  You may have difficulty
+in your kernel config file.
+WARNING:  enabling debugging printfs currently
+causes an EXTREME number of kernel printfs.
+You may have difficulty
 turning off the debugging printfs once they start, since the kernel will be
 busy printing messages and unable to service other requests quickly.
 The
 .It Fl X
 Enable CAM_DEBUG_XPT printfs.
 .It Fl c
-Enable CAM_DEBUG_CDB printfs.  This will cause the kernel to print out the
+Enable CAM_DEBUG_CDB printfs.
+This will cause the kernel to print out the
 SCSI CDBs sent to the specified device(s).
 .It all
 Enable debugging for all devices.
 .It off
 Turn off debugging for all devices
 .It bus Ns Op :target Ns Op :lun
-Turn on debugging for the given bus, target or lun.  If the lun or target
+Turn on debugging for the given bus, target or lun.
-and lun are not specified, they are wildcarded.  (i.e., just specifying a
+If the lun or target
+and lun are not specified, they are wildcarded.
+(i.e., just specifying a
 bus turns on debugging printfs for all devices on that bus.)
 .El
 .It Ic tags
 Show or set the number of "tagged openings" or simultaneous transactions
-we attempt to queue to a particular device.  By default, the
+we attempt to queue to a particular device.
+By default, the
 .Ic tags
-command, with no command-specific arguments (i.e. only generic arguments)
+command, with no command-specific arguments (i.e., only generic arguments)
 prints out the "soft" maximum number of transactions that can be queued to
-the device in question.  For more detailed information, use the
+the device in question.
+For more detailed information, use the
 .Fl v
 argument described below.
 .Bl -tag -width 7n
 .It Fl N Ar tags
-Set the number of tags for the given device.  This must be between the
+Set the number of tags for the given device.
-minimum and maximum number set in the kernel quirk table.  The default for
+This must be between the
+minimum and maximum number set in the kernel quirk table.
+The default for
 most devices that support tagged queueing is a minimum of 2 and a maximum
-of 255.  The minimum and maximum values for a given device may be
+of 255.
+The minimum and maximum values for a given device may be
 determined by using the
 .Fl v
-switch.  The meaning of the
+switch.
+The meaning of the
 .Fl v
 switch for this
 .Nm
 subcommand is described below.
 .It Fl q
-Be quiet, and don't report the number of tags.  This is generally used when
+Be quiet, and don't report the number of tags.
+This is generally used when
 setting the number of tags.
 .It Fl v
 The verbose flag has special functionality for the
 .Em tags
-argument.  It causes
+argument.
+It causes
 .Nm
 to print out the tagged queueing related fields of the XPT_GDEV_TYPE CCB:
 .Bl -tag -width 13n
 .It dev_active
 This is the number of transactions currently queued to a device.
 .It devq_openings
-This is the kernel queue space for transactions.  This count usually mirrors
+This is the kernel queue space for transactions.
+This count usually mirrors
 dev_openings except during error recovery operations when
 the device queue is frozen (device is not allowed to receive
 commands), the number of dev_openings is reduced, or transaction
 replay is occurring.
 .It devq_queued
 This is the number of transactions waiting in the kernel queue for capacity
-on the device.  This number is usually zero unless error recovery is in
+on the device.
+This number is usually zero unless error recovery is in
 progress.
 .It held
 The held count is the number of CCBs held by peripheral drivers that have
 either just been completed or are about to be released to the transport
-layer for service by a device.  Held CCBs reserve capacity on a given
+layer for service by a device.
+Held CCBs reserve capacity on a given
 device.
 .It mintags
 This is the current "hard" minimum number of transactions that can be
-queued to a device at once.  The
+queued to a device at once.
+The
 .Ar dev_openings
-value above cannot go below this number.  The default value for
+value above cannot go below this number.
+The default value for
 .Ar mintags
 is 2, although it may be set higher or lower for various devices.
 .It maxtags
 This is the "hard" maximum number of transactions that can be queued to a
-device at one time.  The
+device at one time.
+The
 .Ar dev_openings
-value cannot go above this number.  The default value for
+value cannot go above this number.
+The default value for
 .Ar maxtags
 is 255, although it may be set higher or lower for various devices.
 .El
 .El
 .It Ic negotiate
-Show or negotiate various communication parameters.  Some controllers may
+Show or negotiate various communication parameters.
-not support setting or changing some of these values.  For instance, the
+Some controllers may
+not support setting or changing some of these values.
+For instance, the
 Adaptec 174x controllers do not support changing a device's sync rate or
 offset.
 The
 .Nm
 utility
 will not attempt to set the parameter if the controller indicates that it
-does not support setting the parameter.  To find out what the controller
+does not support setting the parameter.
+To find out what the controller
 supports, use the
 .Fl v
-flag.  The meaning of the
+flag.
+The meaning of the
 .Fl v
 flag for the
 .Ic negotiate
-command is described below.  Also, some controller drivers don't support
+command is described below.
+Also, some controller drivers don't support
 setting negotiation parameters, even if the underlying controller supports
-negotiation changes.  Some controllers, such as the Advansys wide
+negotiation changes.
+Some controllers, such as the Advansys wide
 controllers, support enabling and disabling synchronous negotiation for
 a device, but do not support setting the synchronous negotiation rate.
 .Bl -tag -width 17n
 Attempt to make the negotiation settings take effect immediately by sending
 a Test Unit Ready command to the device.
 .It Fl c
-Show or set current negotiation settings.  This is the default.
+Show or set current negotiation settings.
+This is the default.
 .It Fl D Ar enable|disable
 Enable or disable disconnection.
 .It Fl O Ar offset
 Set the command delay offset.
 .It Fl q
-Be quiet, don't print anything.  This is generally useful when you want to
+Be quiet, don't print anything.
+This is generally useful when you want to
 set a parameter, but don't want any status information.
 .It Fl R Ar syncrate
-Change the synchronization rate for a device.  The sync rate is a floating
+Change the synchronization rate for a device.
-point value specified in MHz.  So, for instance,
+The sync rate is a floating
+point value specified in MHz.
+So, for instance,
 .Sq 20.000
 is a legal value, as is
 .Sq 20 .
 .It Fl T Ar enable|disable
 Enable or disable tagged queueing for a device.
 .It Fl U
-Show or set user negotiation settings.  The default is to show or set
+Show or set user negotiation settings.
+The default is to show or set
 current negotiation settings.
 .It Fl v
 The verbose switch has special meaning for the
 .Ic negotiate
-subcommand.  It causes
+subcommand.
+It causes
 .Nm
 to print out the contents of a Path Inquiry (XPT_PATH_INQ) CCB sent to the
 controller driver.
 .It Fl W Ar bus_width
-Specify the bus width to negotiate with a device.  The bus width is
+Specify the bus width to negotiate with a device.
-specified in bits.  The only useful values to specify are 8, 16, and 32
+The bus width is
-bits.  The controller must support the bus width in question in order for
+specified in bits.
+The only useful values to specify are 8, 16, and 32
+bits.
+The controller must support the bus width in question in order for
 the setting to take effect.
 .El
 .Pp
 In general, sync rate and offset settings will not take effect for a
-device until a command has been sent to the device.  The
+device until a command has been sent to the device.
+The
 .Fl a
 switch above will automatically send a Test Unit Ready to the device so
 negotiation parameters will take effect.
 .Pp
 .Em WARNING! WARNING! WARNING!
 .Pp
-Low level formatting a disk will destroy ALL data on the disk.  Use
+Low level formatting a disk will destroy ALL data on the disk.
-extreme caution when issuing this command.  Many users low-level format
+Use
-disks that do not really need to be low-level formatted.  There are
+extreme caution when issuing this command.
+Many users low-level format
+disks that do not really need to be low-level formatted.
+There are
 relatively few scenarios that call for low-level formatting a disk.
 One reason for
 low-level formatting a disk is to initialize the disk after changing
-its physical sector size.  Another reason for low-level formatting a disk
+its physical sector size.
+Another reason for low-level formatting a disk
 is to revive the disk if you are getting "medium format corrupted" errors
 from the disk in response to read and write requests.
 .Pp
-Some disks take longer than others to format.  Users should specify a
+Some disks take longer than others to format.
-timeout long enough to allow the format to complete.  The default format
+Users should specify a
-timeout is 3 hours, which should be long enough for most disks.  Some hard
+timeout long enough to allow the format to complete.
+The default format
+timeout is 3 hours, which should be long enough for most disks.
+Some hard
 disks will complete a format operation in a very short period of time
-(on the order of 5 minutes or less).  This is often because the drive
+(on the order of 5 minutes or less).
+This is often because the drive
 doesn't really support the FORMAT UNIT command -- it just accepts the
 command, waits a few minutes and then returns it.
 .Pp
 The
 .Sq format
-subcommand takes several arguments that modify its default behavior.  The
+subcommand takes several arguments that modify its default behavior.
+The
 .Fl q
 and
 .Fl y
 .Pp
 .Bl -tag -width 6n
 .It Fl q
-Be quiet, don't print any status messages.  This option will not disable
+Be quiet, don't print any status messages.
-the questions, however.  To disable questions, use the
+This option will not disable
+the questions, however.
+To disable questions, use the
 .Fl y
 argument, below.
 .It Fl w
-Issue a non-immediate format command.  By default,
+Issue a non-immediate format command.
+By default,
 .Nm
-issues the FORMAT UNIT command with the immediate bit set.  This tells the
+issues the FORMAT UNIT command with the immediate bit set.
+This tells the
 device to immediately return the format command, before the format has
-actually completed.  Then,
+actually completed.
+Then,
 .Nm
 gathers
 .Tn SCSI
 sense information from the device every second to determine how far along
-in the format process it is.  If the
+in the format process it is.
+If the
 .Fl w
 argument is specified,
 .Nm
 information to let the user know what percentage of the disk has been
 formatted.
 .It Fl y
-Don't ask any questions.  By default,
+Don't ask any questions.
+By default,
 .Nm
 will ask the user if he/she really wants to format the disk in question,
-and also if the default format command timeout is acceptable.  The user
+and also if the default format command timeout is acceptable.
+The user
 will not be asked about the timeout if a timeout is specified on the
 command line.
 .El
 camcontrol tur da1 -E -C 4 -t 50 -v
 .Ed
 .Pp
-Send a test unit ready command to da1.  Enable kernel error recovery.
+Send a test unit ready command to da1.
-Specify a retry count of 4, and a timeout of 50 seconds.  Enable sense
+Enable kernel error recovery.
+Specify a retry count of 4, and a timeout of 50 seconds.
+Enable sense
 printing (with the
 .Fl v
-flag) if the command fails.  Since error recovery is turned on, the
+flag) if the command fails.
+Since error recovery is turned on, the
 disk will be spun up if it is not currently spinning.
 The
 .Nm
 	-i 0xe "s1 i3 i1 i1 i1 i1 i1 i1 i1 i1 i1 i1"
 .Ed
 .Pp
-Issue a READ BUFFER command (0x3C) to cd1.  Display the buffer size of cd1,
+Issue a READ BUFFER command (0x3C) to cd1.
-and display the first 10 bytes from the cache on cd1.  Display SCSI sense
+Display the buffer size of cd1,
+and display the first 10 bytes from the cache on cd1.
+Display SCSI sense
 information if the command fails.
 .Pp
 .Bd -literal -offset indent
 	-o 14 "00 00 00 00 1 2 3 4 5 6 v v v v" 7 8 9 8
 .Ed
 .Pp
-Issue a WRITE BUFFER (0x3B) command to cd1.  Write out 10 bytes of data,
+Issue a WRITE BUFFER (0x3B) command to cd1.
-not including the (reserved) 4 byte header.  Print out sense information if
+Write out 10 bytes of data,
-the command fails.  Be very careful with this command, improper use may
+not including the (reserved) 4 byte header.
+Print out sense information if
+the command fails.
+Be very careful with this command, improper use may
 cause data corruption.
 .Pp
 .Bd -literal -offset indent
 .Ed
 .Pp
 Edit mode page 1 (the Read-Write Error Recover page) for da3, and save the
-settings on the drive.  Mode page 1 contains a disk drive's auto read and
+settings on the drive.
+Mode page 1 contains a disk drive's auto read and
 write reallocation settings, among other things.
 .Pp
 .Dl camcontrol rescan all
 camcontrol negotiate -n da -u 3 -R 20.000 -O 15 -a
 .Ed
 .Pp
-Negotiate a sync rate of 20MHz and an offset of 15 with da3.  Then send a
+Negotiate a sync rate of 20MHz and an offset of 15 with da3.
+Then send a
 Test Unit Ready command to make the settings take effect.
 .Sh SEE ALSO
 .Xr cam 3 ,
 .Xr scsi 8
 utility and
 .Xr scsi 3
-library, written by Julian Elischer and Peter Dufault.  The
+library, written by Julian Elischer and Peter Dufault.
+The
 .Xr scsi 8
 program first appeared in
 .Bx 386 0.1.2.4 ,
 .An Kenneth Merry Aq ken@FreeBSD.org
 .Sh BUGS
 The code that parses the generic command line arguments doesn't know that
-some of the subcommands take multiple arguments.  So if, for instance, you
+some of the subcommands take multiple arguments.
+So if, for instance, you
 tried something like this:
 .Bd -literal -offset indent
 camcontrol cmd -n da -u 1 -c "00 00 00 00 00 v" 0x00 -v
 bails out when it sees the second argument to
 .Fl c
 (0x00),
-above.  Fixing this behavior would take some gross code, or changes to the
+above.
+Fixing this behavior would take some gross code, or changes to the
 .Xr getopt 3
-interface.  The best way to circumvent this problem is to always make sure
+interface.
+The best way to circumvent this problem is to always make sure
 to specify generic
 .Nm
 arguments before any command-specific arguments.

sbin/ccdconfig/ccdconfig.8

+40 -20

View File

 The
 .Nm
 utility is used to dynamically configure and unconfigure concatenated disk
-devices, or ccds.  For more information about the ccd, see
+devices, or ccds.
+For more information about the ccd, see
 .Xr ccd 4 .
 .Pp
 The options are as follows:
 .Bl -tag -width indent
 .It Fl c
-Configure a ccd.  This is the default behavior of
+Configure a ccd.
+This is the default behavior of
 .Nm .
 .It Fl C
 Configure all ccd devices listed in the ccd configuration file.
 .Pa /etc/ccd.conf .
 .It Fl g
 Dump the current ccd configuration in a format suitable for use as the
-ccd configuration file.  If no arguments are specified, every configured
+ccd configuration file.
-ccd is dumped.  Otherwise, the configuration of each listed ccd is dumped.
+If no arguments are specified, every configured
+ccd is dumped.
+Otherwise, the configuration of each listed ccd is dumped.
 .It Fl u
 Unconfigure a ccd.
 .It Fl U
 .Pp
 A ccd is described on the command line and in the ccd configuration
 file by the name of the ccd, the interleave factor, the ccd configuration
-flags, and a list of one or more devices.  The flags may be represented
+flags, and a list of one or more devices.
+The flags may be represented
 as a decimal number, a hexadecimal number, a comma-separated list
 of strings, or the word
 .Dq none .
 .Sh EXAMPLES
 A number of
 .Nm
-examples are shown below.  The arguments passed
+examples are shown below.
+The arguments passed
 to
 .Nm
 are exactly the same as you might place in the
 .Pa /etc/ccd.conf
-configuration file.  The first example creates a 4-disk stripe out of
+configuration file.
-four scsi disk partitions.  The stripe uses a 64 sector interleave.
+The first example creates a 4-disk stripe out of
+four scsi disk partitions.
+The stripe uses a 64 sector interleave.
 The second example is an example of a complex stripe/mirror combination.
 It reads as a two disk stripe of da4 and da5 which is mirrored
-to a two disk stripe of da6 and da7.  The last example is a simple
+to a two disk stripe of da6 and da7.
-mirror.  The 2nd slice of /dev/da8 is mirrored with the 3rd slice of /dev/da9
+The last example is a simple
+mirror.
+The 2nd slice of /dev/da8 is mirrored with the 3rd slice of /dev/da9
 and assigned to ccd0.
 .Pp
 .Bd -unfilled -offset
 .Xr fdisk 8
 and
 .Xr disklabel 8
-it before doing anything else.  Once you create the initial label you can
+it before doing anything else.
-edit it, adding additional partitions.  The label itself takes up the first
+Once you create the initial label you can
-sectors of the ccd disk.  If all you are doing is creating file systems
+edit it, adding additional partitions.
+The label itself takes up the first
+sectors of the ccd disk.
+If all you are doing is creating file systems
 with newfs, you do not have to worry about this as newfs will skip the
-label area.  However, if you intend to
+label area.
+However, if you intend to
 .Xr dd 1
 to or from a ccd partition it is usually a good idea to construct the
-partition such that it does not overlap the label area.  For example, if
+partition such that it does not overlap the label area.
+For example, if
 you have A ccd disk with 10000 sectors you might create a 'd' partition
 with offset 16 and size 9984.
 .Pp
 had created before will still be there and not require reinitialization.
 Beware that changing any ccd parameters: interleave, flags, or the
 device list making up the ccd disk, will usually destroy any prior
-data on that ccd disk.  If this occurs it is usually a good idea to
+data on that ccd disk.
+If this occurs it is usually a good idea to
 reinitialize the label before [re]constructing your ccd disk.
 .Sh RECOVERY
 An error on a ccd disk is usually unrecoverable unless you are using the
-mirroring option.  But mirroring has its own perils:  It assumes that
+mirroring option.
-both copies of the data at any given sector are the same.  This holds true
+But mirroring has its own perils:  It assumes that
+both copies of the data at any given sector are the same.
+This holds true
 until a write error occurs or until you replace either side of the mirror.
-This is a poor-man's mirroring implementation.  It works well enough that if
+This is a poor-man's mirroring implementation.
+It works well enough that if
 you begin to get disk errors you should be able to backup the ccd disk,
-replace the broken hardware, and then regenerate the ccd disk.  If you need
+replace the broken hardware, and then regenerate the ccd disk.
+If you need
 more than this you should look into external hardware RAID SCSI boxes,
 RAID controllers (see GENERIC),
 or software RAID systems such as

sbin/comcontrol/comcontrol.8

+2 -1

View File

 .Sh HISTORY
 Originally part of cgd's com package patches, version 0.2.1, to
 .Bx 386 0.1 .
-Once controlled bidirectional capabilities.  Little is left to control now
+Once controlled bidirectional capabilities.
+Little is left to control now
 that these capabilities are standard.

sbin/dumpfs/dumpfs.8

+2 -1

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 for the file system or special device specified, unless
 .Fl m
 is specified.
-The listing is very long and detailed.  This
+The listing is very long and detailed.
+This
 command is useful mostly for finding out certain file system
 information such as the file system block size and minimum
 free space percentage.

sbin/fdisk/fdisk.8

+1 -1

View File

 .Fx
 and make it active.
 .Sh NOTES
-The automatic calculation of starting cylinder etc. uses
+The automatic calculation of starting cylinder etc.\& uses
 a set of figures that represent what the BIOS thinks the
 geometry of the drive is.
 These figures are taken from the in-core disklabel by default,

sbin/fdisk_pc98/fdisk.8

+45 -23

View File

 a partition table,
 and a magic number.
 BIOS partitions can be used to break the disk up into several pieces.
-The BIOS brings in sector 0 and verifies the magic number.  The sector
+The BIOS brings in sector 0 and verifies the magic number.
+The sector
 boot code then searches the partition table to determine which
 partition is marked
 .Em active .
 The
 .Fx
 .Nm
-utility serves a similar purpose to the DOS program.  The first form is used to
+utility serves a similar purpose to the DOS program.
+The first form is used to
 display partition information or to interactively edit the partition
-table.  The second is used to write a partition table using a
+table.
+The second is used to write a partition table using a
 .Ar configfile
 and is designed to be used by other scripts/programs.
 .Pp
 Options are:
 .Bl -tag -width time
 .It Fl a
-Change the active partition only.  Ignored if
+Change the active partition only.
+Ignored if
 .Fl f
 is given.
 .It Fl b Ar bootcode
 Get the boot code from the file
 .Ar bootcode .
 .It Fl B
-Reinitialize the boot code contained in sector 0 of the disk.  Ignored
+Reinitialize the boot code contained in sector 0 of the disk.
+Ignored
 if
 .Fl f
 is given.
 is also given, in which case all existing partitions are deleted (marked
 as "unused") before the
 .Ar configfile
-is read.  The
+is read.
+The
 .Ar configfile
 can be "-", in which case
 .Ar stdin
-is read.  See
+is read.
+See
 .Sx CONFIGURATION FILE ,
 below, for file syntax.
 .Pp
 when
 .Fl f
 is used, you are not asked if you really want to write the partition
-table (as you are in the interactive mode).  Use with caution!
+table (as you are in the interactive mode).
+Use with caution!
 .\" !PC98
 .\" .It Fl i
 .\" Initialize sector 0 of the disk.  This implies
 .It Fl s
 Print summary information and exit.
 .It Fl t
-Test mode; do not write partition values.  Generally used with the
+Test mode; do not write partition values.
+Generally used with the
 .Fl f
-option to see what would be written to the partition table.  Implies
+option to see what would be written to the partition table.
+Implies
 .Fl v .
 .It Fl u
-Is used for updating (editing) sector 0 of the disk.  Ignored if
+Is used for updating (editing) sector 0 of the disk.
+Ignored if
 .Fl f
 is given.
 .It Fl v
-Be verbose.  When
+Be verbose.
+When
 .Fl f
 is used,
 .Nm
 prints out the partition table that is written to the disk.
 .It Fl 12345678
-Operate on a single fdisk entry only.  Ignored if
+Operate on a single fdisk entry only.
+Ignored if
 .Fl f
 is given.
 .El
 .Fl u
 are used to indicate that the partition data is to be updated, unless the
 .Fl f
-option is used.  If the
+option is used.
+If the
 .Fl f
 option is not used, the
 .Nm
 .Fx ;
 and make it active.
 .Sh NOTES
-The automatic calculation of starting cylinder etc. uses
+The automatic calculation of starting cylinder etc.\& uses
 a set of figures that represent what the BIOS thinks is the
 geometry of the drive.
 These figures are by default taken from the incore disklabel,
 lose all the data in that partition.
 .Pp
 You should run this program interactively once or twice to see how it
-works.  This is completely safe as long as you answer the last question
+works.
-in the negative.  There are subtleties that the program detects that are
+This is completely safe as long as you answer the last question
+in the negative.
+There are subtleties that the program detects that are
 not fully explained in this manual page.
 .Sh CONFIGURATION FILE
 When the
 option is given, a disk's partition table can be written using values
 from a
 .Ar configfile .
-The syntax of this file is very simple.  Each line is either a comment or
+The syntax of this file is very simple.
+Each line is either a comment or
 a specification, and whitespace (except for newlines) are ignored:
 .Bl -tag -width Ds
 .It Xo
 .Ar spec2
 .Ar spec3
 .Xc
-Set the BIOS geometry used in partition calculations.  There must be
+Set the BIOS geometry used in partition calculations.
+There must be
 three values specified, with a letter preceding each number:
 .Bl -tag -width Ds
 .Sm off
 .Ed
 .Pp
 The number of cylinders should be less than or equal to 1024, but this
-is not enforced, although a warning will be output.  Note that bootable
+is not enforced, although a warning will be output.
+Note that bootable
 .Fx
 partitions (the "/" file system) must lie completely within the
 first 1024 cylinders; if this is not true, booting may fail.
 .Fl i
 option is specified, all existing partition entries will be cleared
 (marked as unused), and these "p" lines will have to be used to
-explicitly set partition information.  If multiple partitions need to be
+explicitly set partition information.
+If multiple partitions need to be
 set, multiple "p" lines must be specified; one for each partition.
 .Pp
 These partition lines must occur after any geometry specification lines,
 .Ar type
 is 165 for
 .Fx
-partitions.  Specifying a partition type of zero is
+partitions.
+Specifying a partition type of zero is
 the same as clearing the partition and marking it as unused; however,
 dummy values (such as "0") must still be specified for
 .Ar start
 .Xc
 Make
 .Ar partition
-the active partition.  Can occur anywhere in the config file, but only
+the active partition.
+Can occur anywhere in the config file, but only
 one must be present.
 .Pp
 Example: to make partition 1 the active partition:

sbin/fsck/fsck.8

+5 -2

View File

 The options are as follows:
 .Bl -tag -width indent
 .It Fl d
-Debugging mode. Just print the commands without executing them. Available
+Debugging mode.
+Just print the commands without executing them.
+Available
 only if
 .Nm
 is compiled to support it.
 .It Fl t Ar fstype
 Invoke
 .Nm
-only for the comma separated list of file system types. If the
+only for the comma separated list of file system types.
+If the
 list starts with
 .Dq no
 then invoke

sbin/fsck_ffs/fsck_ffs.8

+4 -2

View File

 with an abnormal return status and an automatic reboot will then fail.
 For each corrected inconsistency one or more lines will be printed
 identifying the file system on which the correction will take place,
-and the nature of the correction.  After successfully correcting a file system,
+and the nature of the correction.
+After successfully correcting a file system,
 .Nm
 will print the number of files on that file system,
 the number of used and free blocks,
 exits without attempting any further cleaning.
 .It Fl b
 Use the block specified immediately after the flag as
-the super block for the file system.  Block 32 is usually
+the super block for the file system.
+Block 32 is usually
 an alternate super block.
 .It Fl c
 Convert the file system to the specified level.

sbin/fsdb/fsdb.8

+18 -9

View File

 utility opens
 .Ar fsname
 (usually a raw disk partition) and runs a command loop
-allowing manipulation of the file system's inode data.  You are prompted
+allowing manipulation of the file system's inode data.
+You are prompted
 to enter a command with
 .Ic "fsdb (inum X)>"
 where
 .Va X
-is the currently selected i-number.  The initial selected inode is the
+is the currently selected i-number.
+The initial selected inode is the
 root of the file system (i-number 2).
 The command processor uses the
 .Xr editline 3
 in the current directory and make its inode the current inode.
 .Ar Name
 may be a multi-component name or may begin with slash to indicate that
-the root inode should be used to start the lookup.  If some component
+the root inode should be used to start the lookup.
+If some component
 along the pathname is not found, the last valid directory encountered is
 left as the active inode.
 This command is valid only if the starting inode is a directory.
 .Ar number .
 .Pp
 .It Cm ls
-List the current inode's directory entries.  This command is valid only
+List the current inode's directory entries.
+This command is valid only
 if the current inode is a directory.
 .Pp
 .It Cm rm Ar name
 .It Cm del Ar name
 Remove the entry
 .Ar name
-from the current directory inode.  This command is valid only
+from the current directory inode.
+This command is valid only
 if the current inode is a directory.
 .Pp
 .It Cm ln Ar ino Ar name
 .Ar ino
 under the name
 .Ar name
-in the current directory inode.  This command is valid only
+in the current directory inode.
+This command is valid only
 if the current inode is a directory.
 .Pp
 .It Cm chinum Ar dirslot Ar inum
 .Ar dirslot
 to
 .Ar name .
-This command cannot expand a directory entry.  You can only rename an
+This command cannot expand a directory entry.
+You can only rename an
 entry if the name will fit into the existing directory slot.
 .Pp
 .It Cm chtype Ar type
 .Em YYYYMMDDHHMMSS[.nsec]
 where
 .Em nsec
-is an optional nanosecond specification.  If no nanoseconds are specified, the
+is an optional nanosecond specification.
+If no nanoseconds are specified, the
 .Va mtimensec ,
 .Va ctimensec ,
 or
 .Nm
 utility uses the source code for
 .Xr fsck 8
-to implement most of the file system manipulation code.  The remainder of
+to implement most of the file system manipulation code.
+The remainder of
 .Nm
 first appeared in
 .Nx ,

sbin/fsirand/fsirand.8

+2 -1

View File

 itself so it is no longer necessary to
 run
 .Nm
-by hand on a new file system.  It is only used to
+by hand on a new file system.
+It is only used to
 re-randomize or report on an existing file system.
 .Pp
 The

sbin/ifconfig/ifconfig.8

+1 -1

View File

 address
 is specified as a series of colon-separated hex digits.
 This can be used to
-e.g. set a new MAC address on an ethernet interface, though the
+e.g.\& set a new MAC address on an ethernet interface, though the
 mechanism used is not ethernet-specific.
 If the interface is already
 up when this option is used, it will be briefly brought down and

sbin/init/init.8

+7 -4

View File

 while the system is multi-user.
 .Pp
 In addition, kernel time changes are restricted to less than or equal to one
-second.  Attempts to change the time by more than this will log the message
+second.
+Attempts to change the time by more than this will log the message
 .Dq Time adjustment clamped to +1 second .
 .It Ic 3
 Network secure mode \- same as highly secure mode, plus
 The
 .Nm login
 program, when a valid user logs in,
-executes a shell for that user.  When this shell
+executes a shell for that user.
+When this shell
 dies, either because the user logged out
 or an abnormal termination occurred (a signal),
 the
 .Nm
 will emulate
 .At V
-behavior, i.e. super-user can specify the desired
+behavior, i.e., super-user can specify the desired
 .Em run-level
 on a command line, and
 .Nm
 Setting the security level above 1 too early in the boot sequence can
 prevent
 .Xr fsck 8
-from repairing inconsistent file systems.  The
+from repairing inconsistent file systems.
+The
 preferred location to set the security level is at the end of
 .Pa /etc/rc
 after all multi-user startup actions are complete.

sbin/ip6fw/ip6fw.8

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View File

 Care should be taken with this in environments where not all
 file systems are mounted (yet) by the time
 .Nm
-is being run (e.g. when they are mounted over NFS).
+is being run (e.g.\& when they are mounted over NFS).
 Once
 .Fl p
 has been specified, optional
 The following options are available:
 .Bl -tag -width flag
 .It Fl a
-While listing, show counter values.  See also
+While listing, show counter values.
+See also
 .Dq show
 command.
 .It Fl f
 .It Fl q
 While adding, zeroing or flushing, be quiet about actions (implies '-f').
 This is useful for adjusting rules by executing multiple ip6fw commands in a
-script (e.g. sh /etc/rc.firewall), or by processing a file of many ip6fw rules,
+script (e.g.\& sh /etc/rc.firewall), or by processing a file of many ip6fw rules,
-across a remote login session.  If a flush is performed in normal
+across a remote login session.
-(verbose) mode, it prints a message.  Because all rules are flushed, the
+If a flush is performed in normal
+(verbose) mode, it prints a message.
+Because all rules are flushed, the
 message cannot be delivered to the login session, the login session is
-closed and the remainder of the ruleset is not processed.  Access to the
+closed and the remainder of the ruleset is not processed.
+Access to the
 console is required to recover.
 .It Fl t
 While listing, show last match timestamp.
 .Dq log
 keyword or a clear/resetlog is performed, a message will be logged to
 .Xr syslogd 8 ,
-or, if that fails, to the console.  If the kernel was compiled with the
+or, if that fails, to the console.
+If the kernel was compiled with the
 .Dv IPV6FIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT
 option, then logging will cease after the number of packets
 specified by the option are received for that particular
 .In netinet6/ip6_fw.h )
 ports.
 .Pp
-Fragmented packets which have a non-zero offset (i.e. not the first
+Fragmented packets which have a non-zero offset (i.e., not the first
 fragment) will never match a rule which has one or more port
-specifications.  See the
+specifications.
+See the
 .Ar frag
 option for details on matching fragmented packets.
 .Pp
 is invalid.
 .Pp
 A packet may not have a receive or transmit interface: packets originating
-from the local host have no receive interface. while packets destined for
+from the local host have no receive interface, while packets destined for
 the local host have no transmit interface.
 .Pp
 Additional
 A rule which contains a
 .Ar tcpflags
 specification can never match a fragmented packet which has
-a non-zero offset.  See the
+a non-zero offset.
+See the
 .Ar frag
 option for details on matching fragmented packets.
 .It icmptypes Ar types

sbin/ipfw/ipfw.8

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 .Nm
 assumes a
 .Em stateful
-behaviour, i.e. upon a match it will create dynamic rules matching
+behaviour, i.e., upon a match it will create dynamic rules matching
 the exact parameters (addresses and ports) of the matching packet.
 .Pp
 These dynamic rules, which have a limited lifetime, are checked
 .Nm
 commands to atomically manipulate sets, such as enable,
 disable, swap sets, move all rules in a set to another
-one, delete all rules in a set. These can be useful to
+one, delete all rules in a set.
+These can be useful to
 install temporary configurations, or to test them.
 See Section
 .Sx SETS OF RULES
 .Fl c .
 .It Fl c
 When entering or showing rules, print them in compact form,
-i.e. without the optional "ip from any to any" string
+i.e., without the optional "ip from any to any" string
 when this does not carry any additional information.
 .It Fl d
 While listing, show dynamic rules in addition to static ones.
 Care should be taken with this in environments where not all
 file systems are mounted (yet) by the time
 .Nm
-is being run (e.g. when they are mounted over NFS).
+is being run (e.g.\& when they are mounted over NFS).
 Once
 .Fl p
 has been specified, any additional arguments as passed on to the preprocessor
 .Pp
 If the world and the kernel get out of sync the
 .Nm
-ABI may break, preventing you from being able to add any rules.  This can
+ABI may break, preventing you from being able to add any rules.
-adversely effect the booting process.  You can use
+This can
+adversely effect the booting process.
+You can use
 .Nm
 .Cm disable
 .Cm firewall
 Also note that each packet is always checked against the complete ruleset,
 irrespective of the place where the check occurs, or the source of the packet.
 If a rule contains some match patterns or actions which are not valid
-for the place of invocation (e.g. trying to match a MAC header within
+for the place of invocation (e.g.\& trying to match a MAC header within
 .Cm ip_input()
 ), the match pattern will not match, but a
 .Cm not
 .Sh SYNTAX
 In general, each keyword or argument must be provided as
 a separate command line argument, with no leading or trailing
-spaces. Keywords are case-sensitive, whereas arguments may
+spaces.
+Keywords are case-sensitive, whereas arguments may
 or may not be case-sensitive depending on their nature
-(e.g. uid's are, hostnames are not).
+(e.g.\& uid's are, hostnames are not).
 .Pp
 In
 .Nm ipfw2
 you can introduce spaces after commas ',' to make
-the line more readable. You can also put the entire
+the line more readable.
+You can also put the entire
 command (including flags) into a single argument.
-E.g. the following forms are equivalent:
+E.g., the following forms are equivalent:
 .Bd -literal -offset indent
 ipfw -q add deny src-ip 10.0.0.0/24,127.0.0.1/8
 ipfw -q add deny src-ip 10.0.0.0/24, 127.0.0.1/8
 When the packet can be associated with a local socket.
 .El
 .Pp
-Note that some of the above information, e.g. source MAC or IP addresses and
+Note that some of the above information, e.g.\& source MAC or IP addresses and
 TCP/UDP ports, could easily be spoofed, so filtering on those fields
 alone might not guarantee the desired results.
 .Bl -tag -width indent
 non-default rule number by the value of the sysctl variable
 .Ar net.inet.ip.fw.autoinc_step
 which defaults to 100.
-If this is not possible (e.g. because we would go beyond the
+If this is not possible (e.g.\& because we would go beyond the
 maximum allowed rule number), the number of the last
 non-default value is used instead.
 .It Cm set Ar set_number
 that the packet must match in order to be recognised.
 In general, the patterns are connected by (implicit)
 .Cm and
-operators -- i.e. all must match in order for the
+operators -- i.e., all must match in order for the
 rule to match.
 Individual patterns can be prefixed by the
 .Cm not
 As an example, 1.2.3.4:255.0.255.0 will match
 .*.3.*.
 This form is advised only for non-contiguous
-masks. It is better to resort to the
+masks.
+It is better to resort to the
 .Ar addr Ns / Ns Ar masklen
 format for contiguous masks, which is more compact and less
 error-prone.
 The
 .Ar masklen
 field is used to limit the size of the set of addresses,
-and can have any value between 24 and 32. If not specified,
+and can have any value between 24 and 32.
+If not specified,
 it will be assumed as 24.
 .br
 This format is particularly useful to handle sparse address sets
-within a single rule. Because the matching occurs using a
+within a single rule.
+Because the matching occurs using a
 bitmask, it takes constant time and dramatically reduces
 the complexity of rulesets.
 .br
 .Pp
 .Dl "ipfw add count tcp from any ftp\e\e-data-ftp to any"
 .Pp
-Fragmented packets which have a non-zero offset (i.e. not the first
+Fragmented packets which have a non-zero offset (i.e., not the first
 fragment) will never match a rule which has one or more port
 specifications.
 See the
 .El
 .Ss RULE OPTIONS (MATCH PATTERNS)
 Additional match patterns can be used within
-rules. Zero or more of these so-called
+rules.
+Zero or more of these so-called
 .Em options
 can be present in a rule, optionally prefixed by the
 .Cm not
 Matches TCP packets that have the RST or ACK bits set.
 .It Cm frag
 Matches packets that are fragments and not the first
-fragment of an IP datagram. Note that these packets will not have
+fragment of an IP datagram.
-the next protocol header (e.g. TCP, UDP) so options that look into
+Note that these packets will not have
+the next protocol header (e.g.\& TCP, UDP) so options that look into
 these headers cannot match.
 .It Cm gid Ar group
 Matches all TCP or UDP packets sent by or received for a
 Matches IP packets whose total length, including header and data, is
 in the set
 .Ar len-list ,
 which is either a single value or a list of values or ranges
 specified in the same way as
 .Ar ports .
 .It Cm ipoptions Ar spec
 .Ar precedence .
 .It Cm ipsec
 Matches packets that have IPSEC history associated with them
-(i.e. the packet comes encapsulated in IPSEC, the kernel
+(i.e., the packet comes encapsulated in IPSEC, the kernel
 has IPSEC support and IPSEC_FILTERGIF option, and can correctly
 decapsulate it).
 .Pp
 variables), and the lifetime is refreshed every time a matching
 packet is found.
 .It Cm layer2
-Matches only layer2 packets, i.e. those passed to
+Matches only layer2 packets, i.e., those passed to
 .Nm
 from ether_demux() and ether_output_frame().
 .It Cm limit Bro Cm src-addr | src-port | dst-addr | dst-port Brc Ar N
 .Ar mac-type
 is specified in the same way as
 .Cm port numbers
-(i.e. one or more comma-separated single values or ranges).
+(i.e., one or more comma-separated single values or ranges).
 You can use symbolic names for known values such as
 .Em vlan , ipv4, ipv6 .
 Values can be entered as decimal or hexadecimal (if prefixed by 0x),
 in the firewall configuration, with only one exception:
 .Bd -ragged -offset indent
 dynamic rules created from a rule before it had been disabled
-will still be active until they expire. In order to delete
+will still be active until they expire.
+In order to delete
 dynamic rules you have to explicitly delete the parent rule
 which generated them.
 .Ed
 .Sh STATEFUL FIREWALL
 Stateful operation is a way for the firewall to dynamically
 create rules for specific flows when packets that
-match a given pattern are detected. Support for stateful
+match a given pattern are detected.
+Support for stateful
 operation comes through the
 .Cm check-state , keep-state
 and
 .It Cm noerror
 When a packet is dropped by a dummynet queue or pipe, the error
 is normally reported to the caller routine in the kernel, in the
-same way as it happens when a device queue fills up. Setting this
+same way as it happens when a device queue fills up.
+Setting this
 option reports the packet as successfully delivered, which can be
 needed for some experimental setups where you want to simulate
 loss or congestion at a remote router.
 E.g., 50 max-sized ethernet packets (1500 bytes) mean 600Kbit
 or 20s of queue on a 30Kbit/s pipe.
 Even worse effects can result if you get packets from an
-interface with a much larger MTU, e.g. the loopback interface
+interface with a much larger MTU, e.g.\& the loopback interface
 with its 16KB packets.
 .Pp
 .It Cm red | gred Ar w_q Ns / Ns Ar min_th Ns / Ns Ar max_th Ns / Ns Ar max_p
 .It Em net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_keepalive : No 1
 Enables generation of keepalive packets for
 .Cm keep-state
-rules on TCP sessions. A keepalive is generated to both
+rules on TCP sessions.
+A keepalive is generated to both
 sides of the connection every 5 seconds for the last 20
 seconds of the lifetime of the rule.
 .It Em net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_max : No 8192
 and
 .Em dyn_rst_lifetime
 must be strictly lower than 5 seconds, the period of
-repetition of keepalives. The firewall enforces that.
+repetition of keepalives.
+The firewall enforces that.
 .It Em net.inet.ip.fw.enable : No 1
 Enables the firewall.
 Setting this variable to 0 lets you run your machine without
 .Cm tcp
 or
 .Cm udp
-packets. With
+packets.
+With
 .Nm ipfw2
 you can put port specifications in rules matching all packets,
 and the match will be attempted only on those packets carrying
 .Dl "ipfw add deny ip from any to any not verrevpath in"
 .Pp
 This rule drops all incoming packets that appear to be coming to the
-system on the wrong interface. For example, a packet with a source
+system on the wrong interface.
+For example, a packet with a source
 address belonging to a host on a protected internal network would be
 dropped if it tried to enter the system from an external interface.
 .Ss DYNAMIC RULES
 .Dl "ipfw add pipe 10 ip from any to any"
 .Dl "ipfw pipe 10 config plr 0.05"
 .Pp
-We can use pipes to artificially limit bandwidth, e.g. on a
+We can use pipes to artificially limit bandwidth, e.g.\& on a
 machine acting as a router, if we want to limit traffic from
 local clients on 192.168.2.0/24 we do:
 .Pp
 .Dl "ipfw pipe 1 config bw 64Kbit/s queue 10Kbytes"
 .Dl "ipfw pipe 2 config bw 64Kbit/s queue 10Kbytes"
 .Pp
-The above can be very useful, e.g. if you want to see how
+The above can be very useful, e.g.\& if you want to see how
 your fancy Web page will look for a residential user who
 is connected only through a slow link.
 You should not use only one pipe for both directions, unless
-you want to simulate a half-duplex medium (e.g. AppleTalk,
+you want to simulate a half-duplex medium (e.g.\& AppleTalk,
 Ethernet, IRDA).
 It is not necessary that both pipes have the same configuration,
 so we can also simulate asymmetric links.
 .Dl "ipfw pipe 1 config mask src-ip 0x000000ff bw 200Kbit/s queue 20Kbytes"
 .Dl "ipfw pipe 2 config mask dst-ip 0x000000ff bw 200Kbit/s queue 20Kbytes"
 .Ss SETS OF RULES
-To add a set of rules atomically, e.g. set 18:
+To add a set of rules atomically, e.g.\& set 18:
 .Pp
 .Dl "ipfw set disable 18"
 .Dl "ipfw add NN set 18 ...         # repeat as needed"
 .Dl "ipfw set enable 18; echo done; sleep 30 && ipfw set disable 18"
 .Pp
 Here if everything goes well, you press control-C before the "sleep"
-terminates, and your ruleset will be left active. Otherwise, e.g. if
+terminates, and your ruleset will be left active.
+Otherwise, e.g.\& if
 you cannot access your box, the ruleset will be disabled after
 the sleep terminates thus restoring the previous situation.
 .Sh SEE ALSO

sbin/ldconfig/ldconfig.8

+18 -9

View File

 .Dq hints
 for use by the dynamic linker
 to facilitate quick lookup of shared libraries available in multiple
-directories.  It scans a set of built-in system directories and any
+directories.
+It scans a set of built-in system directories and any
 .Ar directories
 specified on the command line (in the given order) looking for
 shared libraries and stores the results in a system file to forestall
 required shared libraries.
 .Pp
 Files named on the command line are expected to contain directories
-to scan for shared libraries.  Each directory's pathname must start on a new
+to scan for shared libraries.
-line.  Blank lines and lines starting with the comment character
+Each directory's pathname must start on a new
+line.
+Blank lines and lines starting with the comment character
 .Ql \&#
 are ignored.
 Filenames must conform to the
 .It Fl elf
 Generate the hints for ELF format shared libraries.
 .It Fl R
-Rescan the previously configured directories.  This opens the previous hints
+Rescan the previously configured directories.
-file and fetches the directory list from the header.  Any additional pathnames
+This opens the previous hints
+file and fetches the directory list from the header.
+Any additional pathnames
 on the command line are also processed.
 This is the default action when no parameters are given.
 .It Fl f Ar hints_file
 Read and/or update the specified hints file, instead of the standard file.
 This option is provided primarily for testing.
 .It Fl i
-Run in insecure mode. The security checks will not be performed.
+Run in insecure mode.
+The security checks will not be performed.
 .It Fl m
 Instead of replacing the contents of the hints file
 with those found in the directories specified,
 .It Fl r
 List the current contents of the hints file
 on the standard output.
-The hints file is not modified.  The list of
+The hints file is not modified.
+The list of
 directories stored in the hints file is included.
 .It Fl s
 Do not scan the built-in system directory
 .Fl aout
 or
 .Fl elf
-is the default.  If set, its value should be either
+is the default.
+If set, its value should be either
 .Ql aout
 or
 .Ql elf .
 .Fl aout
 or
 .Fl elf
-is the default.  If present, it must consist of a single line
+is the default.
+If present, it must consist of a single line
 containing either
 .Ql OBJFORMAT=aout
 or

sbin/mdconfig/mdconfig.8

+2 -1

View File

 .It Fl l
 List information about configured
 .Xr md 4
-devices.  If the
+devices.
+If the
 .Fl u
 option is used in conjuction with this, the output is limited to
 information on the specified device.

sbin/mknod/mknod.8

+2 -1

View File

 .Cm c .
 .It Ar major
 The major device number is an integer number which tells the kernel
-which device driver entry point to use.  To learn what
+which device driver entry point to use.
+To learn what
 major device number to use for a particular device, check
 .Pa /usr/src/sys/conf/majors .
 .It Ar minor

sbin/mount_cd9660/mount_cd9660.8

+6 -3

View File

 Normally, if the underlying device is a CD-ROM drive,
 .Nm
 will try to figure out the last track from the CD-ROM containing
-data, and start the file system there.  If the device is not a CD-ROM,
+data, and start the file system there.
+If the device is not a CD-ROM,
 or the table of contents cannot be examined, the file system will be
-started at sector 0.  This option can be used to override the behaviour.
+started at sector 0.
+This option can be used to override the behaviour.
 Note that
 .Ar startsector
-is measured in CD-ROM blocks, with 2048 bytes each.  This is the same
+is measured in CD-ROM blocks, with 2048 bytes each.
+This is the same
 as for example the
 .Cm info
 command of

sbin/mount_nfs/mount_nfs.8

+1 -1

View File

 interval.)
 .It Fl w
 Set the write data size to the specified value.
-Ditto the comments w.r.t. the
+Ditto the comments w.r.t.\& the
 .Fl r
 option, but using the
 .Dq "fragments dropped due to timeout"

sbin/mount_nullfs/mount_nullfs.8

+27 -13

View File

 .Nm
 utility takes two arguments, the pathname
 of the lower vfs (target-pn) and the pathname where the null
-layer will appear in the namespace (mount-point-pn).  After
+layer will appear in the namespace (mount-point-pn).
+After
 the null layer is put into place, the contents
 of target-pn subtree will be aliased under mount-point-pn.
 .\"
 .Sh OPERATION OF A NULL LAYER
 The null layer is the minimum file system layer,
 simply bypassing all possible operations to the lower layer
-for processing there.  The majority of its activity centers
+for processing there.
+The majority of its activity centers
 on the bypass routine, through which nearly all vnode operations
 pass.
 .Pp
 The bypass routine accepts arbitrary vnode operations for
-handling by the lower layer.  It begins by examining vnode
+handling by the lower layer.
+It begins by examining vnode
 operation arguments and replacing any null-nodes by their
-lower-layer equivalents.  It then invokes the operation
+lower-layer equivalents.
-on the lower layer.  Finally, it replaces the null-nodes
+It then invokes the operation
+on the lower layer.
+Finally, it replaces the null-nodes
 in the arguments and, if a vnode is returned by the operation,
 stacks a null-node on top of the returned vnode.
 .Pp
 .\"
 .Sh INSTANTIATING VNODE STACKS
 Mounting associates the null layer with a lower layer,
-in effect stacking two VFSes.  Vnode stacks are instead
+in effect stacking two VFSes.
+Vnode stacks are instead
 created on demand as files are accessed.
 .Pp
 The initial mount creates a single vnode stack for the
-root of the new null layer.  All other vnode stacks
+root of the new null layer.
+All other vnode stacks
 are created as a result of vnode operations on
 this or other null vnode stacks.
 .Pp
 Now consider opening
 .Pa sys .
 A vop_lookup would be
-done on the root null-node.  This operation would bypass through
+done on the root null-node.
+This operation would bypass through
 to the lower layer which would return a vnode representing
 the UFS
 .Pa sys .
 .\"
 .Sh INVOKING OPERATIONS ON LOWER LAYERS
 There are two techniques to invoke operations on a lower layer
-when the operation cannot be completely bypassed.  Each method
+when the operation cannot be completely bypassed.
-is appropriate in different situations.  In both cases,
+Each method
+is appropriate in different situations.
+In both cases,
 it is the responsibility of the aliasing layer to make
 the operation arguments "correct" for the lower layer
 by mapping a vnode argument to the lower layer.
 .Em VOP_OPERATIONNAME
 interface.
 The advantage of this method is that it is easy to invoke
-arbitrary operations on the lower layer.  The disadvantage
+arbitrary operations on the lower layer.
+The disadvantage
 is that vnode arguments must be manually mapped.
 .\"
 .\"
 .Em "Stackable Layers: an Architecture for File System Development" .
 .Sh BUGS
 THIS FILE SYSTEM TYPE IS NOT YET FULLY SUPPORTED (READ: IT DOESN'T WORK)
-AND USING IT MAY, IN FACT, DESTROY DATA ON YOUR SYSTEM.  USE AT YOUR
+AND USING IT MAY, IN FACT, DESTROY DATA ON YOUR SYSTEM.
-OWN RISK.  BEWARE OF DOG.  SLIPPERY WHEN WET.
+USE AT YOUR
+OWN RISK.
+BEWARE OF DOG.
+SLIPPERY WHEN WET.
 .Pp
 This code also needs an owner in order to be less dangerous - serious
 hackers can apply by sending mail to

sbin/mount_std/mount_std.8

+4 -2

View File

 The
 .Nm
 utility is a generic mechanism for attaching ``standard'' file systems to
-the file system.  The
+the file system.
+The
 .Nm
 utility currently supports the following file systems:
 .Nm devfs ,
 The
 .Nm
 utility examines its zeroth command-line argument (the name by which
-it was called) to determine the type of file system to be mounted.  If
+it was called) to determine the type of file system to be mounted.
+If
 it is called by a name which does not end in
 .Dq Li _ Ns Ar fsname ,
 .Nm

sbin/mount_umapfs/mount_umapfs.8

+17 -8

View File

 .Nm
 utility uses a set of files provided by the user to make correspondences
 between uids and gids in the sub-tree's original environment and
-some other set of ids in the local environment.  For instance, user
+some other set of ids in the local environment.
+For instance, user
 smith might have uid 1000 in the original environment, while having
-uid 2000 in the local environment.  The
+uid 2000 in the local environment.
+The
 .Nm
 utility allows the subtree from smith's original environment to be
 mapped in such a way that all files with owning uid 1000 look like
 Describe the mappings to be made between identifiers.
 Briefly, the format of these files is a count of the number of
 mappings on the first line, with each subsequent line containing
-a single mapping.  Each of these mappings consists of an id in
+a single mapping.
+Each of these mappings consists of an id in
 the local environment and the corresponding id from the original environment,
 separated by white space.
 .Ar Uid-mapfile
 and any gids not mapped in
 .Ar gid-mapfile
 will be treated as group
-NULLGROUP.  At most 64 uids can be mapped for a given subtree, and
+NULLGROUP.
+At most 64 uids can be mapped for a given subtree, and
 at most 16 groups can be mapped by a given subtree.
 .El
 .Pp
 The
 .Nm
 utility will refuse to map the sub-tree if the ownership or permissions on
-these files are improper.  It will also balk if the count of mappings
+these files are improper.
+It will also balk if the count of mappings
 in the first line of the map files is not correct.
 .Pp
 The layer created by the
 .Nm
 utility is meant to serve as a simple example of file system layering.
-It is not meant for production use.  The implementation is not very
+It is not meant for production use.
+The implementation is not very
 sophisticated.
 .Sh SEE ALSO
 .Xr mount 8 ,
 .Xr mount_nullfs 8
 .Sh BUGS
 THIS FILE SYSTEM TYPE IS NOT YET FULLY SUPPORTED (READ: IT DOESN'T WORK)
-AND USING IT MAY, IN FACT, DESTROY DATA ON YOUR SYSTEM.  USE AT YOUR
+AND USING IT MAY, IN FACT, DESTROY DATA ON YOUR SYSTEM.
-OWN RISK.  BEWARE OF DOG.  SLIPPERY WHEN WET.
+USE AT YOUR
+OWN RISK.
+BEWARE OF DOG.
+SLIPPERY WHEN WET.
 .Pp
 This code also needs an owner in order to be less dangerous - serious
 hackers can apply by sending mail to

sbin/mount_unionfs/mount_unionfs.8

+5 -2

View File

 .Xr mount_nullfs 8
 .Sh BUGS
 THIS FILE SYSTEM TYPE IS NOT YET FULLY SUPPORTED (READ: IT DOESN'T WORK)
-AND USING IT MAY, IN FACT, DESTROY DATA ON YOUR SYSTEM.  USE AT YOUR
+AND USING IT MAY, IN FACT, DESTROY DATA ON YOUR SYSTEM.
-OWN RISK.  BEWARE OF DOG.  SLIPPERY WHEN WET.
+USE AT YOUR
+OWN RISK.
+BEWARE OF DOG.
+SLIPPERY WHEN WET.
 .Pp
 This code also needs an owner in order to be less dangerous - serious
 hackers can apply by sending mail to

sbin/newfs_msdos/newfs_msdos.8

+18 -9

View File

 .It Fl I Ar volid
 Volume ID.
 .It Fl L Ar label
-Volume label (up to 11 characters).  The label should consist of
+Volume label (up to 11 characters).
+The label should consist of
 only those characters permitted in regular DOS (8+3) filenames.
 .It Fl O Ar OEM
-OEM string (up to 8 characters).  The default is
+OEM string (up to 8 characters).
+The default is
 .Qq Li "BSD  4.4" .
 .It Fl S Ar sector-size
-Number of bytes per sector.  Acceptable values are powers of 2
+Number of bytes per sector.
+Acceptable values are powers of 2
 in the range 128 through 32768.
 .It Fl a Ar FAT-size
 Number of sectors per FAT.
 .It Fl b Ar block-size
-File system block size (bytes per cluster).  This should resolve to an
+File system block size (bytes per cluster).
+This should resolve to an
 acceptable number of sectors per cluster (see below).
 .It Fl c Ar cluster-size
-Sectors per cluster.  Acceptable values are powers of 2 in the range
+Sectors per cluster.
+Acceptable values are powers of 2 in the range
 through 128.
 .It Fl e Ar dirents
 Number of root directory entries (FAT12 and FAT16 only).
 .It Fl f Ar format
-Specify a standard (floppy disk) format.  The standard formats
+Specify a standard (floppy disk) format.
+The standard formats
 are (capacities in kilobytes): 160, 180, 320, 360, 640, 720, 1200,
 , 1440, 2880.
 .It Fl h Ar heads
 Location of the file system info sector (FAT32 only).
 A value of 0xffff signifies no info sector.
 .It Fl k Ar backup
-Location of the backup boot sector (FAT32 only).  A value
+Location of the backup boot sector (FAT32 only).
+A value
 of 0xffff signifies no backup sector.
 .It Fl m Ar media
 Media descriptor (acceptable range 0xf0 to 0xff).
 .It Fl n Ar FATs
-Number of FATs.  Acceptable values are 1 to 16 inclusive.
+Number of FATs.
+Acceptable values are 1 to 16 inclusive.
 The default
 is 2.
 .It Fl o Ar hidden
 .Sh NOTES
 FAT file system parameters occupy a "Boot Sector BPB (BIOS Parameter
 Block)" in the first of the "reserved" sectors which precede the actual
-file system.  For reference purposes, this structure is presented
+file system.
+For reference purposes, this structure is presented
 below.
 .Bd -literal
 struct bsbpb {

sbin/nos-tun/nos-tun.8

+2 -1

View File

 are the addresses used on the tunnel device.
 If you configure the tunnel against a cisco router, use a netmask of
 .Dq 255.255.255.252
-on the cisco.  This is because the tunnel is a point-to-point interface
+on the cisco.
+This is because the tunnel is a point-to-point interface
 in the
 .Fx
 end, a concept cisco doesn't really implement.

sbin/reboot/boot_i386.8

+44 -22

View File

 .Sy Cold starts .
 Most i386 PCs attempt to boot first from floppy disk drive 0 (sometimes
 known as drive A:) and, failing that, from hard disk drive 0 (sometimes
-known as drive C:, or as drive 0x80 to the BIOS).  Some BIOSes allow
+known as drive C:, or as drive 0x80 to the BIOS).
+Some BIOSes allow
 you to change this default sequence, and may also include a CD-ROM
 drive as a boot device.
 .Pp
 .Sy /
 is displayed) before
 .Xr loader 8
-is invoked.  Booting will also be attempted at stage two, if the
+is invoked.
+Booting will also be attempted at stage two, if the
 third stage cannot be loaded.
 .Pp
-The remainder of this subsection deals only with the boot blocks.  The
+The remainder of this subsection deals only with the boot blocks.
+The
 .Xr loader 8
 program is documented separately.
 .Pp
 This boot may be aborted by typing any character on the keyboard
 at the
 .Ql boot:
-prompt.  At this time, the following input will be accepted:
+prompt.
+At this time, the following input will be accepted:
 .Bl -tag -width indent
 .It Ic \&?
 Give a short listing of the files in the root directory of the default
-boot device, as a hint about available boot files.  (A
+boot device, as a hint about available boot files.
+(A
 .Ic ?\&
 may also be specified as the last segment of a path, in which case
 the listing will be of the relevant subdirectory.)
 The drive number as recognized by the BIOS.
 for the first drive, 1 for the second drive, etc.
 .It Ar interface
-The type of controller to boot from.  Note that the controller is required
+The type of controller to boot from.
+Note that the controller is required
 to have BIOS support since the BIOS services are used to load the
 boot file image.
 .Pp
 .It Oo Ar slice , Oc Ns Ar part
 The partition letter inside the
 .Bx
-portion of the disk.  See
+portion of the disk.
+See
 .Xr disklabel 8 .
 By convention, only partition
 .Ql a
-contains a bootable image.  If sliced disks are used
+contains a bootable image.
+If sliced disks are used
 .Pq Dq fdisk partitions ,
 any
 .Ar slice
 slice) is booted from.
 .It Ar filename
 The pathname of the file to boot (relative to the root directory
-on the specified partition).  Defaults to
+on the specified partition).
+Defaults to
 .Pa /kernel .
 Symbolic links are not supported (hard links are).
 .It Fl aCcDdghmnPprsv
 boot from CDROM.
 .It Fl c
 run UserConfig to modify hardware parameters for the loaded
-kernel.  If the kernel was built with one of
+kernel.
+If the kernel was built with one of
 .Dv USERCONFIG , INTRO_USERCONFIG , VISUAL_USERCONFIG
 options,
 remain in UserConfig regardless of any
 .Ic quit
 commands present in the script.
 .It Fl D
-toggle single and dual console configurations.  In the single
+toggle single and dual console configurations.
+In the single
 configuration the console will be either the internal display
 or the serial port, depending on the state of the
 .Fl h
-option below.  In the dual console configuration,
+option below.
+In the dual console configuration,
 both the internal display and the serial port will become the console
 at the same time, regardless of the state of the
 .Fl h
-option.  However, the dual console configuration takes effect only during
+option.
-the boot prompt.  Once the kernel is loaded, the console specified
+However, the dual console configuration takes effect only during
+the boot prompt.
+Once the kernel is loaded, the console specified
 by the
 .Fl h
 option becomes the only console.
 .It Fl g
 use the GDB remote debugging protocol.
 .It Fl h
-toggle internal and serial consoles.  You can use this to switch
+toggle internal and serial consoles.
-console devices.  For instance, if you boot from the internal console,
+You can use this to switch
+console devices.
+For instance, if you boot from the internal console,
 you can use the
 .Fl h
 option to force the kernel to use the serial port as its
-console device.  Alternatively, if you boot from the serial port,
+console device.
+Alternatively, if you boot from the serial port,
 you can use this option to force the kernel to use the internal display
 as the console instead.
 The serial port driver
 If that flag is set, the serial port will always be used as the console,
 regardless of the
 .Fl h
-option described here.  See the man page for
+option described here.
+See the man page for
 .Xr sio 4
 for more details.
 .It Fl m
 .Xr loader 8
 is invoked.
 .It Fl P
-probe the keyboard.  If no keyboard is found, the
+probe the keyboard.
+If no keyboard is found, the
 .Fl D
 and
 .Fl h
 You may put a BIOS drive number, a controller type, a unit number,
 a partition, a kernel file name, and any valid option in
 .Pa /boot.config
-to set defaults.  Enter them in one line just as you type at the
+to set defaults.
+Enter them in one line just as you type at the
 .Ql boot:
 prompt.
 .Sh FILES
 interface support) is not available, all boot-related files and
 structures (including the kernel) that need to be accessed during the
 boot phase must reside on the disk at or below cylinder 1023 (as the
-BIOS understands the geometry).  When a
+BIOS understands the geometry).
+When a
 .Dq Disk error 0x1
 is reported by the second-stage bootstrap, it generally means that this
 requirement has not been adhered to.
 .Fl P
 option is simply a test that the BIOS has detected an
 .Dq extended
-keyboard.  If an
+keyboard.
+If an
 .Dq XT/AT
 keyboard (with no F11 and F12 keys, etc.) is attached, the probe will
 fail.

sbin/restore/restore.8

+8 -4

View File

 .Fl r
 flag precludes an interactive file extraction and can be
 detrimental to one's health if not used carefully (not to mention
-the disk). An example:
+the disk).
+An example:
 .Bd -literal -offset indent
 newfs /dev/da0s1a
 mount /dev/da0s1a /mnt
 Normally,
 .Nm
 will try to determine dynamically whether the dump was made from an
-old (pre-4.4) or new format file system.  The
+old (pre-4.4) or new format file system.
+The
 .Fl c
 flag disables this check, and only allows reading a dump in the old
 format.
 reflecting the new inode numbering,
 even though the contents of the files is unchanged.
 .Pp
-To do a network restore, you have to run restore as root.  This is due
+To do a network restore, you have to run restore as root.
-to the previous security history of dump and restore.  (restore is
+This is due
+to the previous security history of dump and restore.
+(restore is
 written to be setuid root, but we are not certain all bugs are gone
 from the restore code - run setuid at your own risk.)
 .Pp

sbin/route/route.8

+6 -3

View File

 The
 .Nm
 utility is used to manually manipulate the network
-routing tables.  It normally is not needed, as a
+routing tables.
+It normally is not needed, as a
 system routing table management daemon, such as
 .Xr routed 8 ,
 should tend to this task.
 Run in debug-only mode, i.e., do not actually modify the routing table.
 .It Fl n
 Bypass attempts to print host and network names symbolically
-when reporting actions.  (The process of translating between symbolic
+when reporting actions.
+(The process of translating between symbolic
 names and numerical equivalents can be quite time consuming, and
 may require correct operation of the network; thus it may be expedient
 to forget this, especially when attempting to repair networking operations).
 .Sh DIAGNOSTICS
 .Bl -diag
 .It "add [host \&| network ] %s: gateway %s flags %x"
-The specified route is being added to the tables.  The
+The specified route is being added to the tables.
+The
 values printed are from the routing table entry supplied
 in the
 .Xr ioctl 2

sbin/routed/routed.8

+10 -6

View File

 if multi-homed to ensure all interfaces are used.
 .Pp
 The Router Discovery standard requires that advertisements
-have a default "lifetime" of 30 minutes.  That means should
+have a default "lifetime" of 30 minutes.
+That means should
 something happen, a client can be without a good route for
-minutes.  It is a good idea to reduce the default to 45
+minutes.
+It is a good idea to reduce the default to 45
 seconds using
 .Fl P Cm rdisc_interval=45
 on the command line or
 that can handle neither RIPv2 nor Router Discovery.
 .Pp
 By default, neither Router Discovery advertisements nor solicitations
-are sent over point to point links (e.g. PPP).
+are sent over point to point links (e.g.\& PPP).
 The netmask associated with point-to-point links (such as SLIP
 or PPP, with the IFF_POINTOPOINT flag) is used by
 .Nm
 or on a gateway that uses another routing protocol whose routes
 are not reported to other local routers.
 Notice that because a metric of 1 is used, this feature is
-dangerous.  It is more commonly accidentally used to create chaos with a
+dangerous.
+It is more commonly accidentally used to create chaos with a
 routing loop than to solve problems.
 .It Fl h
 cause host or point-to-point routes to not be advertised,
 a line starting with
 .Cm if=alias(Hname) ,
 .Cm if=remote(Hname) ,
-etc. should be used.
+etc.\& should be used.
 .Ss Parameters
 Lines that start with neither "net" nor "host" must consist of one
 or more of the following parameter settings, separated by commas or
 The network number must specify a full, 32-bit value, as in 192.0.2.0
 instead of 192.0.2.
 .Pp
-Do not use this feature unless necessary.  It is dangerous.
+Do not use this feature unless necessary.
+It is dangerous.
 .It Cm ripv1_mask Ns = Ns Ar nname Ns / Ns Ar mask1 , Ns Ar mask2
 specifies that netmask of the network of which
 .Ar nname Ns / Ns Ar mask1

sbin/shutdown/shutdown.8

+8 -4

View File

 or
 .Ar yymmddhhmm ,
 where the year, month, and day may be defaulted
-to the current system values.  The first form brings the system down in
+to the current system values.
+The first form brings the system down in
 .Ar number
 minutes and the second at the absolute time specified.
 .It Ar warning-message
 .Pp
 At intervals, becoming more frequent as apocalypse approaches
 and starting at ten hours before shutdown, warning messages are displayed
-on the terminals of all users logged in.  Five minutes before
+on the terminals of all users logged in.
+Five minutes before
 shutdown, or immediately if shutdown is in less than 5 minutes,
 logins are disabled by creating
 .Pa /var/run/nologin
 and copying the
-warning message there.  If this file exists when a user attempts to
+warning message there.
+If this file exists when a user attempts to
 log in,
 .Xr login 1
-prints its contents and exits.  The file is
+prints its contents and exits.
+The file is
 removed just before
 .Nm
 exits.

sbin/slattach/slattach.8

+18 -9

View File

 is capable of VJ header compression then it will be used otherwise normal
 headers will be used.
 .It Fl c
-Enable the VJ header compression option.  Note that both ends of the link
+Enable the VJ header compression option.
+Note that both ends of the link
 must be able to use VJ header compression for this to work.
 .It Fl e Ar exit-command
 Specify a command to be invoked within a shell
 control is done.
 .It Fl l
 Disable modem control (CLOCAL) and ignore carrier detect on the slip
-port.  By default the
+port.
+By default the
 .Ar redial-command
 is invoked upon carrier drop and
 .Nm
 .Ar redial-command
 is specified.
 .It Fl n
-Throw away ICMP packets.  The slip interface will ignore ICMP packets
+Throw away ICMP packets.
+The slip interface will ignore ICMP packets
 to prevent slow lines being saturated by ICMP responses.
 .It Fl r Ar redial-command
 Specify a command to be invoked within a shell
 .Ar new
 are the slip unit numbers when the line was
 last opened and the unit number of the current slip connection
-respectively.  The unit number can change after redialing if you are
+respectively.
+The unit number can change after redialing if you are
 using more than one slip line.
 When
 .Nm
 this amount of time, re-connect occurs.
 The default value is no timeout.
 .It Fl O Ar outfill
-Set SLIP "out fill" timeout in seconds.  It forces at least one FRAME_END
+Set SLIP "out fill" timeout in seconds.
+It forces at least one FRAME_END
 to be sent during this time period, which is necessary for the "keep alive"
 timeout on the remote side.
 The default value is no timeout.
 to redial the phone when carrier is lost, use the
 .Fl r Ar redial-command
 option to specify a script or executable that will reconnect the
-serial line to the slip server.  For example, the script could redial
+serial line to the slip server.
+For example, the script could redial
 the server and log in, etc.
 .Pp
 To reconfigure the network interface in case the slip unit number
 and
 .Ar new
 are the slip unit numbers before and after
-reconnecting the line.  The unit number can change if you have more
+reconnecting the line.
-than one line disconnect at the same time.  The first to succeed in
+The unit number can change if you have more
+than one line disconnect at the same time.
+The first to succeed in
 reconnecting will get the lowest unit number.
 .Pp
 To kill
 .Nm
 utility
 also logs failure to set the controlling terminal or failure to install
-signal handlers.  Upon connection and redial the ttyname and baud rate
+signal handlers.
+Upon connection and redial the ttyname and baud rate
 are logged and on shutdown the ttyname is logged.
 .Sh FILES
 .Bl -tag -width /usr/share/examples/slattach/* -compact

sbin/spppcontrol/spppcontrol.8

+3 -3

View File

 turned off for the named interface.
 This has the side-effect of
 clearing the other authentication-related parameters for this
-interface as well (i.e. system name and authentication secret will
+interface as well (i.e., system name and authentication secret will
 be forgotten).
 .It Va myauthproto Ns Li = Ns Ar protoname
 Same as above, but only for my end of the link.
-I.e. this is the
+I.e., this is the
 protocol when remote is authenticator, and I am the peer required to
 authenticate.
 .It Va hisauthproto Ns Li = Ns Ar protoname
 .Li bppp0 .
 The interface is currently in
 .Em dead
-phase, i.e. the LCP layer is down, and no traffic is possible.
+phase, i.e., the LCP layer is down, and no traffic is possible.
 Both
 ends of the connection use the CHAP protocol, my end tells remote the
 system name

									
										sbin/startslip/startslip.1
									
		+10
		-5
	
												View File
												
					@@ -121,7 +121,8 @@ the string is used to specify a dial sequence.

					No string written by default.

					No string written by default.

					You can specify several

					You can specify several

					.Fl s Ar stringN

					.Fl s Ar stringN

					arguments to use with each try, f.e. several host phone numbers.

					arguments to use with each try, f.e.

					several host phone numbers.

					.It Fl A Ar annexname

					.It Fl A Ar annexname

					The

					The

					.Nm

					.Nm

					@@ -144,11 +145,13 @@ Disable modem control (waiting for carrier and carrier drop sense) for

					.Ar device .

					.Ar device .

					Modem control is enabled by default.

					Modem control is enabled by default.

					.It Fl U Ar upscript

					.It Fl U Ar upscript

					Specify a script to run when a SLIP interface becomes connected.  This may

					Specify a script to run when a SLIP interface becomes connected.

					This may

					contain

					contain

					.Xr ifconfig 8 ,

					.Xr ifconfig 8 ,

					.Xr route 8 ,

					.Xr route 8 ,

					and other appropriate commands.  The arguments that

					and other appropriate commands.

					The arguments that

					are passed to the script are "slX up".

					are passed to the script are "slX up".

					Default value is

					Default value is

					.Pa /sbin/ifconfig .

					.Pa /sbin/ifconfig .

					@@ -158,8 +161,10 @@ passed via

					.Ev LINE

					.Ev LINE

					environment variable.

					environment variable.

					.It Fl D Ar downscript

					.It Fl D Ar downscript

					Specify a script to run when a SLIP connection goes away.  The arguments that

					Specify a script to run when a SLIP connection goes away.

					are passed to the script are "slX down". Default value is

					The arguments that

					are passed to the script are "slX down".

					Default value is

					.Pa /sbin/ifconfig .

					.Pa /sbin/ifconfig .

					Dial sequence number (see

					Dial sequence number (see

					.Fl s )

					.Fl s )

sbin/vinum/vinum.8

+531 -259

View File

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